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John Martin (judge)
John Martin (1784 – October 17, 1840) was a notable judge of the Cherokee Tribal Court. He was a highly educated member of the tribe, although he was only one-eighth Cherokee. A biographer describes him as blond, blue-eyed and a person who could easily pass for white.〔(Martin, J. Matthew."Chief Justice John Martin and the Origins of Westernized Tribal Jurisprudence." ''Elon Law Journal'' Vol. 34. 2012. ) Accessed September 18, 2015.〕 He had no formal training in law, but he was one of the first men appointed to serve as a judge on the Cherokee Tribal Court, which was established in 1822. After his term as judge ended in 1828, he was addressed as Judge Martin for the rest of his life. He also served the Cherokee Nation as Treasurer, He was also a member of the Cherokee Constitutional Convention that led to the formation of a real national government. In 1837, he removed from Georgia to Indian Territory, where he was elected as the first Chief Justice of the newly created Cherokee Supreme Court in 1839. He served until his death the following year.
==Ancestry and early life==
John's mother was Susannah Emory, a one-quarter Cherokee who had been raised among the tribe. Susannah's grandfather was Ludovic Grant, a Scottish trader. Grant had married a full-blooded Cherokee woman. The Grants had a daughter who married William Emory and bore Susannah.〔(Maddox, Jerry A. ''From Salacoa to Tahlequah: Plantation in the Valley The Martin-Erwin House''. 2005. Available on Google Books. ) Accessed September 19, 2015.〕 Susannah was raised in the Cherokee culture. Her first husband was Captain John Stuart, an officer in the colonial army during the French-Indian War and an Indian agent during the American Revolution. Susannah married again to Richard Fields, a mixed blood Cherokee, with whom she had seven children. Therefore, the marriage to John Martin, Sr. was her third. John Martin, Sr. and Susannah had three children: John Martin, Jr., Nancy, and Rachael. John, Sr., was a trader who had previously served as a captain in the American Revolution.〔
His father was John (Jack) Martin, Senior, a white man who was reportedly the brother of General Joseph Martin. It is unclear where the future judge was born. Some accounts claim he was born in what is now Tennessee, while others claim he was born in the present state of Georgia. Jack Martin evidently became a prosperous trader. Rather than sending his son away to school at an early age,he hired a tutor to educate his son at home. Jack Martin died about 1800 or 1801. His widow died while John, Jr. was a teenager. Then, he went to live with a sister named Nancy and her husband, James Lynch. At some point, young John went away to school, in order to complete his formal education.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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